草莓干 发表于 2021-1-5 17:49:07

树莓派 FM 发送机小电台背后的原理解析

本帖最后由 草莓干 于 2021-1-5 17:49 编辑 <br /><br /><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">文章来源:乐聚机器人王松博士《树莓派 FM 发送机小电台背后的原理解析》</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;margin: 0 auto 10px;"><p class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 0px 5px 6px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px -1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 16px;">介绍</span></strong></p></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">在知乎上有个问题 你在 GitHub 上看到过的最有意思的项目是什么? 我介绍了个很有意思的无线 FM 电台的项目,可以在不借用其他外部设备的情况下,通过代码实现将树莓派变为 FM 小电台。</span><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">但是作者只是在博客中介绍了大致的原理。于是我搜遍整个网络,发现大多数的相关文章只是教你如何去编译运行代码,对背后的原理却是只言片语,含糊不清。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">作为好奇宝宝,我查阅了许多芯片手册和论坛文章,又翻了翻以前学过的《天线原理》对背后的原理做了一下归纳和总结。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;margin: 0 auto 10px;"><p class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 0px 5px 6px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px -1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 16px;"><strong>概念名词解释</strong></span></p></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">首先是一些基本的概念</span></strong><br/></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">FM:&nbsp; 调频(Frequency Modulation) 是一种以载波的瞬时频率变化来表示信息的调制方式,载波的频率跟随输入信号的幅度直接成等比例变化。FM Radio就是我们熟悉的调频机。</span><br/></p></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">PWM:&nbsp; 脉冲宽度调制(Pulse Width Modulation) 是使用数字源生成模拟信号的方法。主要由 2 个参数来定义:占空比和频率。如果以保持一定的速率开关数字信号并且保持一定的占空比,那么输出看起来就像恒定电压模拟信号。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p></li><li><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">GPIO:&nbsp; 通用型输入输出(General-purpose input/output),引脚可以由程序控制作为通用输入(GPI)或者通用输出(GPO)。</span></p></li></ul><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: center;"></p><p><br/></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">CPU:&nbsp; 中央处理器(Central Processing Unit),相当于树莓派的大脑,功能主要是解释计算机指令以及处理计算机软件中的数据,负责与外围设备通信。树莓派使用的是博通 BCM28XX 系列的CPU。</span></p></li></ul><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><br/></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">DMA:&nbsp; 直接内存访问(Direct Memory Access)这些设备可以执行涉及主内存和其他设备的数据传送。由于设备执行这些操作的过程中无需借助于 CPU,因此该类型的数据传送称为直接内存访问。简单说就是不用&nbsp; 跟 CPU 打招呼就可以直接访问内存。</span></p></li></ul><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><br/></p><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;margin: 0 auto 10px;"><p class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 0px 5px 6px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px -1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 16px;">HOW?</span></strong></p></section><p style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">根据麦克斯韦的电磁场理论</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">1. 变化的磁场能够在周围空间产生电场,变化的电场能够在周围空间产生磁场。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">2. 随时间均匀变化的磁场(电场)产生稳定电场(磁场)。随时间不均匀变化的磁场(电场)产生变化的电场(磁场)。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">3. 变化的电场和变化的磁场总是相互关系着,形成一个不可分割的统一体,这就是电磁场。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">随时间变化的电场产生磁场,而随时间变化的磁场又产生电场,两者互为因果。这种不断转化的场统称为电磁场。这种相互的转化形成电磁振荡。</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">所以如果在树莓派的 GPIO 上,通过软件控制以一定频率输出高低电平(0/1),再加上适当长度的天线(一根杜邦线即可)就可以将能量以电磁波的形式发射出去。</span></p><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><br/></p><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;margin: 0 auto 10px;"><p class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 0px 5px 6px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px -1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 16px;">FM结构图</span></strong></p></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">由图可知,组成一个 FM 发射机系统,树莓派需要</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">1. 信号采样和 FM 调制所需的时钟</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">2. 可以通过编程控制电平变化的GPIO</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 5px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">3. 一段可以将电磁波发射出去的天线</span></p><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></span></p><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;margin: 0 auto 10px;"><p class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 0px 5px 6px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px -1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">时钟</span></strong></span></p></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">目前绝大多数的的微处理器都有扩频时钟(Spread-spectrum clock),目的是为了降低电磁干扰(EMI),在树莓派 BCM28XX 系列芯片上,扩频时钟的范围为 1MHz 到 250MHz,这正好用作 FM 的载波信号。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">为了减少 CPU 占用,作者对程序进行了改进,使用树莓派 DMA 产生基础时钟。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei"><span style="font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;</span></span></p><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;margin: 0 auto 10px;"><p class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 0px 5px 6px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px -1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">信号采样</span></strong></span></p></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">由于 FM 广播发送的是音频信号,所以先使用 228 kHz 的采样频率对信号进行采样(满足奈奎斯特采样定理),带宽为 15 kHz。</span><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;margin: 0 auto 10px;"><p class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 0px 5px 6px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px -1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">调频</span></strong></span></p></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: pre-line; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">基带信号&nbsp;</span><span class="" style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 3px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: pre-line; font-stretch: normal; line-height: inherit; text-rendering: auto; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.7391304347826086" src="https://bbs.lejurobot.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ic1xN5KcWt9kelQibV7OLx8XBo7IUTxn0ftXRrgjujDWdfUETopicw5WeauUJ8LamMiauynjFBDK2GPjnZE09FdWdA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" data-type="png" data-w="46" _width="46px" crossorigin="anonymous" alt="图片" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 6px; font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 46px !important; visibility: visible !important;"/></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: pre-line; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,载波频率 </span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(74, 74, 74); font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: pre-line; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">f</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">c</span></em><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: pre-line; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;正弦载波为</span><span class="" style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; margin: 0px; padding: 8px 3px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: pre-line; font-stretch: normal; line-height: inherit; text-rendering: auto; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.21656050955414013" src="https://bbs.lejurobot.com/plugin.php?id=wcn_editor:wx_img&url=https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ic1xN5KcWt9kelQibV7OLx8XBo7IUTxn0fELAYhPicib5pEKlYKOibONNicuA4xPeElnfxw0u59Via0BiaYKriahZPs6GicA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" data-type="png" data-w="157" _width="157px" crossorigin="anonymous" alt="图片" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; height: auto !important; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 6px; font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 157px !important; visibility: visible !important;"/></span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: pre-line; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;将基带数据信号与载波结合起来得到了传输信号</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">其为f(τ)传输信号的瞬时频率,fΔ 为频偏,即载波频率的最大频率偏移。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">FM 调频输出的是模拟信号,利用时钟产生 PWM 调整占空比和频率,就可以利用数字信号生成模拟信号。图片</span></p><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;margin: 0 auto 10px;"><p class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 0px 5px 6px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px -1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">树莓派天线长度</span></strong></span></p></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">1. 波长: λ=c/f</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">2. 偶极子天线:制作偶极子天线时,会通过工作波长来确定天线的长度。最常见的偶极子天线是半波天线,它的总长度近似为工作波长的一半,即&nbsp; L=λ/2</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">如果需要发射 100MHz 的 FM 信号,根据上面的公式来计算,就需要 1.5m 长的天线。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">所以理论上如果给树莓派 GPIO(PIN4) 加上了一根 1.5m 的天线,那么就可以输出最大功率的 FM 信号。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">不要这么做,会干扰正常频段!</span></strong></p><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><br/></p><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;margin: 0 auto 10px;"><p class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 0px 5px 6px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px -1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">传播距离估计</span></strong></span></p></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">首先需要计算有效全向辐射功率(EIRP)</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">EIRP=P−Loss+G</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">其中P 为发射机的输出功率(dBm),Loss 为发射机输出端与天线馈源之间的馈线损耗(dB),G 为天线的发送增益(dBi)。求出 EIRP 后可以进而获得自由空间路径损失(Free Space Path Loss,FSPL)。但是使用这个公式估算,意义不是太大。实际测量,如果使用一根 10cm 的杜邦线作为天线,一个楼梯拐角信号就已经非常弱了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp; </span></p><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;margin: 0 auto 10px;"><p class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 0px 5px 6px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px -1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">总结</span></strong></span></p></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">1. 树莓派电磁波发射时没有带通滤波器,谐波会干扰其他频段!</span><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">2. 不要干扰正常频段,属于违法行为!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;margin: 0 auto 10px;"><p class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="padding: 0px 5px 6px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(239, 112, 96); display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px -1px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.1; font-size: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei;">参考</span></strong></span></p></section><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">代码请见参考链接:</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">Eben Upton and Gareth Halfacree. Raspberry Pi user guide. John Wiley & Sons, 2014.</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">Oliver Mattos and Oskar Weigl. Turning the Raspberry Pi Into an FM Transmitter. http://www.icrobotics.co.uk/wiki/index.php/Turning the Raspberry Pi Into an FM Transmitter, 2015.</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">Christophe Jacquet. FM-RDS transmitter using the Raspberry Pi’s PWM . https://github.com/ChristopheJacquet/PiFmRds, 2014.</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, Microsoft YaHei; font-size: 14px;">Richardson. Turning the Raspberry Pi Into an FM Transmitter. http://www.icrobotics.co.uk/wiki/index.php/TurningtheRaspberryPiIntoanFM_Transmitter, 2015.</span></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//bbs.lejurobot.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_mP4" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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